The expansion of personal jurisdiction in the 20th century

Traditionally, in civil proceedings in the United States, the defendant or land in dispute was required to be physically served with process in the state where the court sits. The most famous statement of this principle arose in the Supreme Court's 1877 constitutional ruling in Pennoyer v. Neff. Over the years, the reach of personal jurisdiction has been expanded by judicial interpretations and legislative enactments. In the landmark 1945 case International Shoe Co. v. Washington, the United States Supreme Court greatly expanded the constitutional boundaries of personal jurisdiction, well beyond its traditional physical presence basis. Following International Shoe, states in the United States enacted so-called long-arm statutes, by which courts in a state can exercise jurisdiction over a party located outside the state, if the party has sufficient contacts within the state.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_jurisdiction_%28United_States%29

Prevention

Unlike most neurological disorders, head injuries can be prevented. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have suggested taking the following safety precautions for reducing the risk of suffering a TBI.[10]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

Causes of and risk factors

Half of all TBIs are due to transportation accidents involving automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians.[1] These accidents are the major cause of TBI in people under age 75.[1]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

Histological characteristics

DAI is characterized by axonal separation, in which the axon is torn at the site of stretch and the part distal to the tear degrades. While it was once thought that the main cause of axonal separation was tearing due to mechanical forces during the trauma, it is now understood that secondary biochemical cascades, which occur in response to the primary injury and take place hours to days after the initial injury, are largely responsible for the damage to axons (Wolf et al., 2001; Arundine et al., 2004).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_axonal_injury

Methods of injury

A common form of self-injury involves making cuts in the skin of the arms, legs, abdomen, inner thighs, etc. This is colloquially referred to as "cutting"; a person who routinely does this may be colloquially called "a cutter". The number of self-injury methods are only limited to an individual's creativity. The bodily locations of self-injury often are areas that are easily hidden and concealed from the detection of others.[8]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-injury

Causes

Common causes of head injury are traffic accidents, home and occupational accidents, falls, and assaults. Bicycle accidents are also a common cause of head injury-related death and disability, especially among children. [1]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_injury

France

In France, the prosecutor, or Procureur de la République (or Procureur Général in an Appeal Court or Avocat Général in the Court of Cassation) is assisted by deputies (substituts). He opens preliminary enquiries, and if necessary asks for the nomination of an investigating magistrate (a Juge d'Instruction) to lead a judiciary information. In the case of an information led by a judge, the prosecutor does not lead the enquiries, but simply lays down the scope of the crimes that the judge and law enforcement forces investigate upon; he may, like defense attorneys, request or suggest further enquiries. During a criminal trial, the prosecutor has to lay the case in front of the trier of fact (judges or jury). He generally suggests a certain sentence, which the court has no obligation to follow — the court may decide on a higher or lower sentence. The procureur has also some other duties regarding more generally the administration of justice.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor